Tanzania Population and Housing Census 2022
Tanzania, 2022
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Reference ID
TZA-NBS-PHC-2022-v01
Producer(s)
National Bureau of Statistics, Office of Chief Goverment Statistician
Metadata
Created on
Oct 17, 2025
Last modified
Oct 17, 2025
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239
Identification
Survey ID Number
TZA-NBS-PHC-2022-v01
Title
Tanzania Population and Housing Census 2022
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Tanzania | URT |
Study type
Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen]
Series Information
The 2022 Population and Housing Census was the sixth census to be undertaken during the post-independence period. The previous Census was conducted on 1967, 1978, 1988,
2002 and 2012.
2002 and 2012.
Abstract
The main purpose of this report is to provide a short descriptive analysis and related tables on main thematic areas covered in the 2022 Population and Housing Census. Areas covered include population and household characteristics, social and economic activities. Other reports in the series of planned Census publications include Regional Demographic and Socio-Economic Profiles and Thematic Reports.
The 2022 PHC results are for integrated plans and sustainable development of the country and will increase awareness and transparency in allocation of resources at all levels of administration based on the actual population. The results will be used by the Government and stakeholders in monitoring and evaluating various national, regional and international development frameworks including the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 and Zanzibar Development Vision 2050; the Third National Five -Year Development Plan 2021/22 - 2025/26 and Zanzibar Development Plan 2021/22 - 2025/26; the East African Community Vision 2050; Southern and African Development Community Vision 2050 and the African Development Agenda 2063.
Furthermore, the results will enable the country to evaluate the progress of implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda 2030); goals that aim at achieving equality and eradicating poverty of all kinds including extreme poverty by 2030 by ensuring no one is left behind. The census data will also provide a basis for the computation of several indicators such as enrolment and literacy rates, infant and maternal mortality rates, unemployment rate and others.
The 2022 PHC results are for integrated plans and sustainable development of the country and will increase awareness and transparency in allocation of resources at all levels of administration based on the actual population. The results will be used by the Government and stakeholders in monitoring and evaluating various national, regional and international development frameworks including the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 and Zanzibar Development Vision 2050; the Third National Five -Year Development Plan 2021/22 - 2025/26 and Zanzibar Development Plan 2021/22 - 2025/26; the East African Community Vision 2050; Southern and African Development Community Vision 2050 and the African Development Agenda 2063.
Furthermore, the results will enable the country to evaluate the progress of implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda 2030); goals that aim at achieving equality and eradicating poverty of all kinds including extreme poverty by 2030 by ensuring no one is left behind. The census data will also provide a basis for the computation of several indicators such as enrolment and literacy rates, infant and maternal mortality rates, unemployment rate and others.
Kind of Data
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Unit of Analysis
Household and Individual
Version
Version Description
Version 01 (Public use file for web dissemination)
Version Date
2024-04
Scope
Notes
It start with the Identification Section, followed by Demographics information, Information on disabilities/difficulties, Migration information, Information on possession of National documents and orphanhood, Education information, Information on economic activity, Land ownership and Information regarding ICT, Information on fertility, Information on general and maternal deaths in the household, Housing Ownership, Conditions, Characteristics And Assets, Information on Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries And Forestry and Information On Physical Address.
Keywords
| Keyword | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| CENSUS | CENSUS |
| SENSA | SENSA |
| Census | Census |
| Sensa | Sensa |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar
Universe
Entire population of the country
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | Ministry of Finance |
| Office of Chief Goverment Statistician | President Office Finance and Planning |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Census Committees from national to the lowest administrative level | Technical and Administrative |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United Republic of Tanzania | URT | Financial Support |
| United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA | Financial Support |
| World Bank | WB | Financial Support |
| United Nations Children's Fund | UNICEF | Financial Support |
| International Organization for Migration | IOM | Financial Support |
| United States Agency for International Development | USAID | Financial Support |
| Commonwealth and Development Office | FCDO | Equipment Support |
| United States Census Bureau | USCB | Equipment Support |
| The Republic of South Korea | Equipment Support | |
| The People’s Republic of China | Equipment Support |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The country was devided in Hamlets and only one type of Questionnaire long questionnaire was mainly used. There were other questionnaires (community; persons on transit, hotel/lodge residents and hospital in-patients; and persons with no fixed Residence) which were administered during enumeration. Apart from the main Census questionnaire there was also building questionnare for counting the number of existing buildings in Tanzania
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2022-08-23 | 2022-08-29 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
A total of 205,000 enumerators and supervisors were recruited and trained. The actual enumeration was conducted by enumerators and supervisors in their respective assigned areas. During enumeration, enumerators were submitting data to their supervisors every day and the supervisors in turn were transferring them to the server at NBS after checking their quality. Arrangements were also made to enumerate the homeless during the same night. During enumeration, enumerators were submitting data to their supervisors every day and the supervisors in turn were transferring them to the server at NBS after checking their quality. All supervisors and coordinators were trained on quality control standards and procedures during training sessions of the census.
Data Collection Notes
Several activities were undertaken in preparation for the main enumeration exercise, including recruitment and training of field personnel and distribution of enumeration materials to all regions and districts in the country. A total of 205,000 enumerators and supervisors were recruited and trained. Training for census enumeration was conducted at three levels namely: - Training of Trainers (TOT) at national level; training of trainers at regional level; and training of supervisors and enumerators at district level. Trainings were conducted from June to August 2022 and covered theoretical and field practical trainings. The training enabled participants to conceptualise the topics covered in the Census questionnaire; build common understanding of all questions, understand techniques of asking questions and probing where necessary. Furthermore, participants were trained on the use of ICT during data collection, particularly the use of tablets to collect the required information. Trainers were provided with training manuals while supervisors and enumerators were provided with instruction manuals to be used as reference materials.
Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) technology was used for data capture and transmission of information from the field to the servers during enumeration. Mobile devices (tablets) were programmed with a data capture system developed using CSEntry (a CSPro tool for data capture) that runs on Android Operating System.
A range of other preparatory activities were carried out in the second and third week of August 2022. The activities included distribution of enumeration materials to supervisors and enumerators, physical identification of EA boundaries and meeting local authorities in their respective areas. Activities at regional and district levels were coordinated by Regional and District Census Coordinators in collaboration with respective Census Committees
The targeted population for the 2022 PHC was all persons who spent the night of 22nd/23rd August, 2022 within the borders of Tanzania. The actual enumeration was conducted by enumerators and supervisors in their respective assigned areas. Other enumerators were stationed at mass transit points (the night of 22nd/23rd) to enumerate passengers on buses, trains, airports and ships. Special enumeration cards were issued to each traveller after enumeration to avoid double-counting. Arrangements were also made to enumerate the homeless during the same night. During enumeration, enumerators were submitting data to their supervisors every day and the supervisors in turn were transferring them to the server at NBS after checking their quality.
The duration for enumeration, as per the Presidential Order, was seven days from 23rd to 29th August, 2022. Enumeration exercise was completed by 93.45 percent within the planned period of seven days. However, in some areas, enumeration could not be completed within the seven days period due to various reasons. Reasons for not completing enumeration within the allocated time included; scattered households, EAs having more households than expected and difficulty to reach EAs. Nevertheless, by the 5th September, 2022 the enumeration exercise had been completed by 99.99 percent in all EAs.
According to the United Nations requirements and guidelines, NBS and OCGS conducted a Pilot Census in September, 2021; one year before the actual census. The main purpose of the Pilot Census was to test the effectiveness of the entire Census mechanism that would be used during implementation of the 2022 Population and Housing Census. Pilot census was conducted in 18 purposively selected regions, of which 13 were in Tanzania Mainland and five in Tanzania Zanzibar (Map 1.2). The experience and obtained results provided valuable inputs which were used to improve Census instruments and logistics in the final preparations towards the 2022 Population and Housing Census enumeration
Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) technology was used for data capture and transmission of information from the field to the servers during enumeration. Mobile devices (tablets) were programmed with a data capture system developed using CSEntry (a CSPro tool for data capture) that runs on Android Operating System.
A range of other preparatory activities were carried out in the second and third week of August 2022. The activities included distribution of enumeration materials to supervisors and enumerators, physical identification of EA boundaries and meeting local authorities in their respective areas. Activities at regional and district levels were coordinated by Regional and District Census Coordinators in collaboration with respective Census Committees
The targeted population for the 2022 PHC was all persons who spent the night of 22nd/23rd August, 2022 within the borders of Tanzania. The actual enumeration was conducted by enumerators and supervisors in their respective assigned areas. Other enumerators were stationed at mass transit points (the night of 22nd/23rd) to enumerate passengers on buses, trains, airports and ships. Special enumeration cards were issued to each traveller after enumeration to avoid double-counting. Arrangements were also made to enumerate the homeless during the same night. During enumeration, enumerators were submitting data to their supervisors every day and the supervisors in turn were transferring them to the server at NBS after checking their quality.
The duration for enumeration, as per the Presidential Order, was seven days from 23rd to 29th August, 2022. Enumeration exercise was completed by 93.45 percent within the planned period of seven days. However, in some areas, enumeration could not be completed within the seven days period due to various reasons. Reasons for not completing enumeration within the allocated time included; scattered households, EAs having more households than expected and difficulty to reach EAs. Nevertheless, by the 5th September, 2022 the enumeration exercise had been completed by 99.99 percent in all EAs.
According to the United Nations requirements and guidelines, NBS and OCGS conducted a Pilot Census in September, 2021; one year before the actual census. The main purpose of the Pilot Census was to test the effectiveness of the entire Census mechanism that would be used during implementation of the 2022 Population and Housing Census. Pilot census was conducted in 18 purposively selected regions, of which 13 were in Tanzania Mainland and five in Tanzania Zanzibar (Map 1.2). The experience and obtained results provided valuable inputs which were used to improve Census instruments and logistics in the final preparations towards the 2022 Population and Housing Census enumeration
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | NBS | Ministry of Finance |
| Office of the Chief Goverment Statistician | OCGS | Ministry of State, President’s Office, State House and Good Governance. |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The 2022 PHC had three main digital tools for data collection.
- The first one was a community questionnaire, which collected information on all social amenities; land use patterns and environmental or natural features and available community infrastructure.
- The second tool was the main census questionnaire which collected detailed information on demographics, including fertility, mortality, migration, orphanhood, and disabilities; possession of national documents, education level and economic activities. It also collected information on land ownership and information related to ICT ownership and use, housing, utilities, ownership of assets and agriculture.
- The third tool was a questionnaire for special population groups such as diplomats and travellers.
All queationnaires are published in English and Kiswahili Language
- The first one was a community questionnaire, which collected information on all social amenities; land use patterns and environmental or natural features and available community infrastructure.
- The second tool was the main census questionnaire which collected detailed information on demographics, including fertility, mortality, migration, orphanhood, and disabilities; possession of national documents, education level and economic activities. It also collected information on land ownership and information related to ICT ownership and use, housing, utilities, ownership of assets and agriculture.
- The third tool was a questionnaire for special population groups such as diplomats and travellers.
All queationnaires are published in English and Kiswahili Language
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data editing started during the data collection time where by data with some gaps were fixed at the field level after been noted by the Headquater team. This was done by notifying enumarators at the field to make follow and fix the gap. After the enumeration of all data, data were downloaded from the server and then office editing started. The CsPro editing program waswas used followed by the SPSS for further cleaning and tabulation exercse.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statistian General | National Bureau of Statistics | sg@nbs.go.tz | www.nbs.go.tz |
| Chief Goverment | Office of Chief Goverment Statistician | zanstat@ocgs.go.tz | www.nbs.go.tz |
Confidentiality
Confidentiality of respondents is guaranteed by The Statistics Act, [Cap 351 R.E 2019] Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have formally agreed:
1. All identifying information such as the name and address of respondent has been removed;
2. The information is disclosed in a manner that is not likely to enable the identification of the particular person or undertaking or business to which it relates.
3. Not attempt to identify any particular person or undertaking or business;
4. Use of information for research or statistically purpose only;
5. Not to disclose the information to any other person, organization
6. When required by the Director General, return all documents made available to him to the Director General;
7. Comply with the directions given by the Director General relating to the records.
8. Every person involved in the research or statistical project for which information is disclosed pursuant to this section shall make the declaration of secrecy set out in the first schedule.
Access conditions
Tanzania NBS considered three levels of accessibility:
1) Public use files, accessible by all
2) Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions
3) Datasets only accessible on location, for certain datasets
The dataset has been anonymized and available as a public use dataset. It accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other material will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organization without the written agreement of the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
Tanzania NBS considered three levels of accessibility:
1) Public use files, accessible by all
2) Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions
3) Datasets only accessible on location, for certain datasets
The dataset has been anonymized and available as a public use dataset. It accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other material will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organization without the written agreement of the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to produce links among dataset provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, or among data from the (National Bureau of Statistics) and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
4. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identify of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Bureau of Statistics.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
1) Public use files, accessible by all
2) Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions
3) Datasets only accessible on location, for certain datasets
The dataset has been anonymized and available as a public use dataset. It accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other material will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organization without the written agreement of the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
Tanzania NBS considered three levels of accessibility:
1) Public use files, accessible by all
2) Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions
3) Datasets only accessible on location, for certain datasets
The dataset has been anonymized and available as a public use dataset. It accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other material will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organization without the written agreement of the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to produce links among dataset provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, or among data from the (National Bureau of Statistics) and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
4. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identify of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Bureau of Statistics.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
Citation requirements
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania]2022 National Demographic Socio Economic Profile.Dodoma, Tanzania: NBS
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | Ministry of Finance | sg@nbs.go.tz | www.nbs.go.tz |
| Office of Chief Goverment Statistician | President Office Finance and Planning | zanstat@ocgs.go.tz | www.ocgs.go.tz |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data should acknowledge that, Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics is the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences without a written agreement from the National Bureau of Statistics.
Copyright
(c) 2022, National Bureau of Statistics
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-TZA-NBS-CENSUS-2022-v01
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | NBS | Ministry of Finance | Data Producer |
| Office of the Chief Government Statistician | OCGS | President Office Finance and Planning | Data Producer |
Date of Metadata Production
2024-05-30
DDI Document version
version 1.0